docs/website/BACKEND_DESIGN.md

# UOMysticmoon Website — Backend Design

> Phase 1 of 3: **backend design** → Claude Design (frontend mockup) → coding.
> This document is the contract the later phases build against.

Public contact email: **UOMysticmoon@gmail.com**

---

## 1. Stack & top-level decisions

| Concern | Decision | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Runtime | Node.js + Express | serverlinkr pattern |
| Database | MariaDB (own container) | spec; `mariadb` pool, parameterized SQL, no ORM (keeps the lightweight `model`/`db` split from serverlinkr) |
| Auth | JWT in an **httpOnly cookie** | spec says "JWT auth" + "secure cookies when HTTPS"; httpOnly keeps the token out of JS (XSS-safe), `SameSite=Strict` covers CSRF for a same-origin admin panel |
| Frontend | React + Vite, same repo, served by Express in prod | spec |
| Hashing | bcrypt (`bcryptjs`) | spec; matches serverlinkr |
| Deploy | Docker Compose (app + db) behind Pangolin | spec |

**Adapting serverlinkr → this project**
- `*.mongo.js` (mongoose) → `*.db.js` (MariaDB queries), exactly as the spec names them.
- Drop the session/passport hybrid (`express-session`, `passport`, `passport-local`, `connect-mongo`). Pure stateless JWT instead — simpler and matches "JWT auth".
- Routes grouped by **access level** (auth / public / admin) per spec, instead of serverlinkr's per-entity routers. Models stay grouped by **entity**.

---

## 2. Folder structure

Skeleton from the spec, with a small number of justified additions marked **(+)**.

```
server/
  .env.example
  package.json
  db/
    schema.sql                  (+) DDL, also auto-run by the MariaDB container
    seed.js                     (+) seed wiki pages, default settings, first admin
  src/
    server.js                   bootstrap: ensure schema, then listen on 0.0.0.0
    app.js                      express app + middleware wiring
    router/
      api.router.js             mounts /v1
      v1/
        v1.router.js            mounts /auth /public /admin
        auth/    auth.routes.js    + auth.controller.js
        public/  public.routes.js  + public.controller.js
        admin/   admin.routes.js   + admin.controller.js
    model/
      users/     users.model.js    + users.db.js
      posts/     posts.model.js     + posts.db.js     (news/five-on-friday/newsletter/screenshots)
      wiki/      wiki.model.js      + wiki.db.js
      settings/  settings.model.js  + settings.db.js
      activity/  activity.model.js  + activity.db.js  (+) admin activity log
    middleware/                 (+)
      siteMode.js               LIVE/MAINTENANCE gate for public content
      noindex.js                X-Robots-Tag: noindex,nofollow on admin
      rateLimit.js              login limiter
      validate.js               express-validator error handler
    utils/
      auth.js                   JWT sign/verify, isLoggedIn middleware
      db.js                     MariaDB pool + ensureSchema()
      mailer.js                 (+) nodemailer; mailto fallback if SMTP unset
client/                         built in Phase 2/3 (React + Vite)
Dockerfile
docker-compose.yml
.env.example
.gitignore
```

**Why the additions:** the spec's feature list requires an activity log, a maintenance-mode
gate, login rate limiting, admin `noindex`, and SMTP email — none fit cleanly in the four
listed models/two utils. They're isolated in `middleware/` + one `activity` model +
`utils/mailer.js`, and the spec explicitly says the layout is "expandable."

---

## 3. Database schema (MariaDB)

`utf8mb4` throughout. Created idempotently on boot (`ensureSchema()`) **and** shipped as
`db/schema.sql` for the container's `/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d`.

### users
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| username | VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL | |
| password_hash | VARCHAR(72) NOT NULL | bcrypt; **never** returned by the API |
| role | ENUM('admin','editor') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'admin' | room to grow |
| created_at | DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| last_login_at | DATETIME NULL | shown in user management |

### posts  — one table, four categories
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| category | ENUM('news','five_on_friday','newsletter','screenshot') NOT NULL | |
| title | VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL | |
| slug | VARCHAR(220) NULL | optional clean URL |
| excerpt | VARCHAR(400) NULL | list teaser |
| body | MEDIUMTEXT NULL | markdown/HTML; main text for news/5oF/newsletter |
| image_url | VARCHAR(500) NULL | required for `screenshot`, optional hero elsewhere |
| published | TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 | publish/unpublish toggle |
| author_id | INT NULL FK→users(id) | ON DELETE SET NULL |
| created_at | DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| updated_at | DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |
| published_at | DATETIME NULL | set when first published; list order |

Index: `(category, published, published_at DESC)`.

### wiki_pages
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| slug | VARCHAR(120) UNIQUE NOT NULL | e.g. `new-player-guide` |
| title | VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL | |
| body | MEDIUMTEXT NULL | markdown/HTML |
| updated_by | INT NULL FK→users(id) | |
| created_at / updated_at | DATETIME | |

Seeded with the 8 spec categories: `new-player-guide, maps-atlas, systems, items, monsters, crafting, lore, rules`.

### settings  — key/value, expandable
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| `key` | VARCHAR(64) PK | |
| value | TEXT NULL | |
| updated_by | INT NULL FK→users(id) | |
| updated_at | DATETIME ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |

Seeded keys: `site_mode` (default `maintenance`), `site_mode_changed_at`,
`site_mode_changed_by`, `maintenance_message`, `status_message`, `homepage_teaser`,
`contact_email` (=UOMysticmoon@gmail.com), `site_title`.

### activity_log  — append-only
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| user_id | INT NULL FK→users(id) | |
| action | VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL | e.g. `auth.login`, `site_mode.change`, `post.create` |
| detail | TEXT NULL | JSON string of what changed |
| ip | VARCHAR(45) NULL | from `req.ip` (needs `trust proxy`) |
| created_at | DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | |

### password_resets  — self-service reset links
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| token_hash | CHAR(64) UNIQUE NOT NULL | sha256 hex of the opaque token; **plaintext never stored** |
| user_id | INT NOT NULL FK→users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE | the account this reset targets |
| status | ENUM('pending','used') DEFAULT 'pending' | single-use (atomic `markUsed`) |
| requested_ip | VARCHAR(64) NULL | who asked (audit only) |
| expires_at | DATETIME NOT NULL | ~1h TTL, enforced in the model on top of this |
| created_at / used_at | DATETIME | |

Same "store only the hash of an opaque token" pattern as `user_invites` / `mobile_refresh_tokens`.
A DB read never yields a usable reset link. See §4 `/auth/password/*`.

### push_devices  — opt-in push endpoints (M7)
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| user_id | INT NOT NULL FK→users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE | owner |
| transport | ENUM('unifiedpush','fcm') DEFAULT 'unifiedpush' | UnifiedPush for the sideloaded APK; FCM reserved for a later Play flavor |
| endpoint | VARCHAR(512) NOT NULL | the distributor URL the app's ntfy topic was handed (or an FCM token). Unguessable but **not a secret** — stored in the clear (unlike refresh tokens), because pushes are content-free tickles |
| platform | VARCHAR(40) NULL | free-form label, e.g. `android` |
| created_at / last_seen_at | DATETIME | |

`UNIQUE(user_id, endpoint)` — re-registering the same endpoint is an idempotent upsert.

### notification_subscriptions  — which streams a user opted into (M7)
| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| user_id | INT NOT NULL FK→users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE | |
| stream_id | VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL | an id from the catalog (`config/notificationStreams.js`), validated on write |
| created_at | DATETIME | |

`PRIMARY KEY(user_id, stream_id)`. Subscriptions are per-user (applied to every device); a PUT
replaces the whole set. Nothing is pushed unless the user subscribed.

### mobile_auth_sessions / mobile_auth_codes  — mobile SSO bridge (M9)

Two short-lived, self-pruning tables that bridge a browser SSO redirect flow to a native client. They
carry the **app ↔ website** PKCE + CSRF state (a *second* PKCE layer, distinct from the website ↔ IdP
PKCE the `sso_tx` cookie already carries) and the one-time authorization code the app exchanges for
bearer tokens. Neither holds a secret in the clear — the PKCE `code_challenge` is a hash by
construction, and the authorization code is stored as a **sha256 hash only** (same pattern as
`user_invites` / `password_resets` / `mobile_refresh_tokens`).

`mobile_auth_sessions` — one row per `/auth/mobile/sso/start`:

| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| session_id | CHAR(36) UNIQUE | opaque uuid; carried inside the signed `sso_tx` (mode `mobile`) so the callback can find this row |
| provider | VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL | provider id validated enabled at `/start` |
| code_challenge | VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL | app-supplied PKCE S256 challenge (base64url); verified at `/exchange` |
| redirect_uri | VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL | the requested app callback — **exact-match** against the allowlist (never prefix) |
| state | VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL | app-generated opaque CSRF value, echoed on the callback for the app to verify |
| status | ENUM('pending','completed','consumed') DEFAULT 'pending' | `pending`→`completed` when the code is minted; `consumed` after a successful exchange |
| user_id | INT NULL FK→users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE | set once SSO resolves the account |
| expires_at | DATETIME NOT NULL | short (~10 min — one redirect round-trip incl. TOTP) |
| created_at / used_at | DATETIME | `used_at` stamped at exchange |

`mobile_auth_codes` — one row per completed SSO callback (the code the app redeems):

| col | type | notes |
|---|---|---|
| id | INT PK AUTO_INCREMENT | |
| code_hash | CHAR(64) UNIQUE | sha256 hex of the opaque ≥128-bit code; the raw code never touches the DB |
| user_id | INT NOT NULL FK→users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE | the authenticated account |
| session_id | CHAR(36) NOT NULL | the owning `mobile_auth_sessions.session_id` (ties the code to its PKCE challenge) |
| expires_at | DATETIME NOT NULL | very short (~5 min) |
| used_at | DATETIME NULL | set on first successful exchange — **single use** (a reused code fails) |
| created_at | DATETIME | |

Both self-prune (indexed `expires_at`): a best-effort sweep runs at boot beside the existing
`revoked_sessions` prune, and each bridge write opportunistically deletes expired rows — so no cron
infra is added (same approach as `revoked_sessions`).

**`mobile_refresh_tokens` additions (M9).** Two nullable columns are added to support the device
list/revoke surface: `device_name VARCHAR(100) NULL` (a friendly label) and `last_used_at DATETIME
NULL` (bumped on each refresh). Existing rows get them via the schema's ALTER section; the token model
is otherwise unchanged.

---

## 4. API contract

Base path `/api/v1`. JSON in/out. Auth via httpOnly cookie (`isLoggedIn` reads it; also
accepts `Authorization: Bearer` for API testing).

### /auth  (auth.routes.js → auth.controller.js)
| Method | Path | Auth | Body | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| POST | `/login` | — (rate-limited) | `{username,password}` | verify, set cookie, log `auth.login`, update `last_login_at` |
| POST | `/logout` | cookie | — | clear cookie |
| GET | `/me` | cookie / bearer | — | current user (no hash) or 401 — client bootstraps auth state |
| POST | `/password/forgot` | — (rate-limited) | `{email}` | email a single-use, ~1h reset link to **every active account** on the address; **always** returns the same generic 200 (no account enumeration). Email is non-unique, so several accounts may each get a link naming their username. Logs `account.password.reset.request`. |
| GET | `/password/reset/:token` | — | — | validate a link → `{username}` for the form, else 404 (never distinguishes expired/used/never-existed) |
| POST | `/password/reset/:token` | — (rate-limited) | `{password}` | consume the single-use link, rotate the hash, and revoke **all** sessions (web cutoff + mobile refresh tokens). Does **not** sign the user in — they log in fresh (so a 2FA account still passes TOTP). Logs `account.password.reset.complete`. |
| GET | `/me/account` | cookie / bearer | — | full self account (`id, username, role, email, status, totp_enabled, has_password`) |
| PATCH | `/me/account/username` | cookie / bearer (rate-limited) | `{username}` | change own username; re-issues the caller's session |
| PATCH | `/me/account/password` | cookie / bearer (rate-limited) | `{newPassword, currentPassword?}` | change/set own password (current required unless the account has none); revokes other sessions, keeps the caller's |
| POST | `/me/account/totp/setup` · `…/enable` · `…/disable` | cookie / bearer | `{code}` on enable/disable | self 2FA enrollment (disable needs a valid current code, not a password) |
| GET | `/me/account/identities` · DELETE `…/:provider` | cookie / bearer | — | list / unlink own SSO identities |
| POST | `/me/devices` | cookie / bearer | `{endpoint, transport?, platform?}` | register a push endpoint; **rejects a disallowed endpoint 400** (SSRF guard). Idempotent per (user, endpoint) |
| GET | `/me/devices` · DELETE `…/:id` | cookie / bearer | — | list / unregister own push devices |
| GET | `/me/notifications/streams` | cookie / bearer | — | the subscribable catalog (`personal`/`requiresLinkedAccount` flags) |
| GET · PUT | `/me/notifications/subscriptions` | cookie / bearer | `{streams:[id]}` on PUT | get / replace own opted-in streams (unknown ids dropped) |

**Role-agnostic self-service (`/auth/me/*`).** The canonical "me" surface for **every** authenticated
role. It reuses the exact `account.controller` handlers as `/player/account/*` and `/admin/account/*`
(no logic duplication) behind `requireAuth` **only** — any active account, never a specific role. This
lets a client (the Android app) manage its own account through one surface without ever touching
`/admin` (docs/android/PLAN.md §6.4). The older `/player/account/*` + `/admin/account/*` routes stay
for web back-compat.

**Password reset.** Uses the same audited pattern as `user_invites`: an opaque 32-byte token
whose **sha256 hash only** is stored in `password_resets`, single-use and short-lived (~1h). It
also serves SSO-only accounts (null `password_hash`) as their "set an initial password" path. The
reset link points at the web front end (`/account/reset/:token`); the Android app hands off here
rather than shipping its own reset screen (docs/android/PLAN.md §4.2). First admin is bootstrapped
by `seed.js` from env (see §6); further staff are created under `/admin/users` or via email invites.

**Push notifications (M7, opt-in).** The app subscribes per stream (`/auth/me/notifications/*`) and
registers device endpoints (`/auth/me/devices`); nothing is pushed unless subscribed. Delivery is a
**content-free tickle** — `{ stream, ref }`, no sensitive data — POSTed to each subscribed device's
self-hosted **ntfy** endpoint (`utils/pushDispatch`); the app wakes and pulls the real, ownership-
checked content over the authenticated API. Two producers fan out through the one publisher: the shard
ingest dispatcher (`utils/shardIngest`, beside the SSE broadcast) for shard-derived streams, and the
create/publish-post path for `news.post`. The stream catalog + event→stream mapping is
`config/notificationStreams.js`. Security invariants:
- **Same public/admin split as the SSE feed.** Public streams are drawn *only* from the SSE
  `PUBLIC_KINDS` allowlist; a sensitive kind (audit/cheat/IP/login-attempt) can never produce a public
  push.
- **Personal streams are owner-keyed.** `vendor.sale` / `house.idoc` / `account.login` are delivered
  only to the *owning* user's devices, resolved via `shardLinks` (the same ownership check as
  `/player/shard/*`).
- **SSRF guard.** A device `endpoint` is a client-supplied URL the server POSTs to, so registration and
  every publish validate it is HTTPS, non-private/loopback, and (when configured) on the shard's ntfy
  allow-set (`NTFY_BASE_URL` / `NTFY_ALLOWED_ORIGINS`).
- ntfy is treated as an **untrusted relay** — no per-user accounts, unguessable topics; an optional
  `NTFY_PUBLISH_TOKEN` hardens backend→ntfy publishes but is not required. See docs/android/PLAN.md §11.

### Mobile SSO Authorization Bridge (`/auth/mobile/sso/*`, M9)

Native "Sign in with Google/Discord" for the Android app **without shipping any OAuth secret in the
app**. The website stays the identity authority: each shard owner's provider credentials live in
`auth_providers` (encrypted at rest) and are only ever used server-side. The bridge is a **new
consumer of the existing SSO + mobile-bearer machinery**, not a parallel auth path — it reuses the
`/auth/sso/:provider/*` redirect flow, the link-only + opt-in-provisioning policy, the TOTP gate, and
issues the **same** token pair as `/auth/mobile/login`.

| Method | Path | Auth | Body / Query | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GET | `/auth/providers` | — | — | **reused** discovery; the app renders provider buttons from this (never exposes secrets) |
| GET | `/auth/mobile/sso/start` | — (rate-limited per-IP + per-provider) | `?provider&code_challenge&state&redirect_uri` | validate provider enabled + `redirect_uri` **exact-match** allowlist; insert a `mobile_auth_sessions` row; create the existing `sso_tx` tagged `mode:'mobile'` carrying `session_id`; **302 to the IdP** (existing authorize URL) |
| GET | `/auth/sso/:provider/callback` | — (signed `sso_tx`) | `?code&state` | **existing** endpoint; a new branch when `tx.mode==='mobile'`: resolve the account (same policy as web login incl. TOTP), mint a single-use hashed authorization code into `mobile_auth_codes`, mark the session `completed`, and **302 to `redirect_uri?code=…&state=…`** (the app's original `state`) — **no cookie is set** |
| POST | `/auth/mobile/sso/exchange` | — (rate-limited per-IP) | `{code, code_verifier}` | validate the code exists / unexpired / unused (mark used) and `sha256(code_verifier)` matches the stored challenge → issue the existing mobile access + refresh pair (`createMobileSession`) → `{accessToken, refreshToken, expiresIn, user}` |
| POST | `/auth/mobile/refresh` | — | `{refreshToken}` | **reused** unchanged — rotate the pair |
| POST | `/auth/mobile/logout` | bearer | `{refreshToken?, all?}` | **reused** unchanged — revoke this (or all) refresh token(s) |
| GET | `/auth/me/sessions` · DELETE `…/:id` | cookie / bearer | — | list / revoke own **mobile sessions** (device_name, last_used_at, created_at) — the "Active Devices" surface (distinct from `/auth/me/devices`, which is push endpoints) |

**Two PKCE layers (do not conflate).**
- *Layer A (existing):* website ↔ IdP. The `code_verifier` is generated at `/start`, kept only in the
  httpOnly `sso_tx` cookie, sent to the IdP token endpoint at the callback. Unchanged.
- *Layer B (new):* app ↔ website. The **app** generates `code_verifier`/`code_challenge`; the
  challenge is stored in `mobile_auth_sessions` at `/start`; the verifier is presented at `/exchange`.
  This is what stops an intercepted callback code from being redeemed by anyone but the real app.

**State / CSRF.** The app-generated `state` is stored at `/start`, echoed on the callback redirect,
and **verified by the app** before it calls `/exchange` — a CSRF guard independent of both PKCE
layers (a different app instance triggering `/start` cannot complete someone else's flow).

**Redirect-URI allowlist.** `/start` and the callback validate `redirect_uri` by **exact match**
against a configured allowlist (`MOBILE_AUTH_REDIRECT_URIS`, default the one fixed application-owned
callback `runicgateway://auth/callback`) — **never prefix match** (prefix matching on custom schemes
is a known open-redirect vector). Tokens are **never** placed in the callback URL — only the
short-lived authorization code.

*App Links (implemented).* When the admin toggle `mobile_app_links_enabled` is **on**, `/start` also
accepts the self-origin HTTPS callback `https://<request-host>/mobile/callback` — one *additive*
exact-match entry, derived from the request/`APP_BASE_URL` and never from client input; the
custom-scheme allowlist is never narrowed. The shard then auto-serves `GET
/.well-known/assetlinks.json` (fixed package `com.runicgateway.app` + `MOBILE_APP_CERT_SHA256`
fingerprints; 404 when the toggle is off or no fingerprint is configured), and
`settings.getPublic()` advertises `mobileAppLinks: <bool>`. These two things — one static file route
and one more allowlist entry — are the *entire* server surface App Links require. See
docs/android/APP_LINKS.md.

**TOTP through the bridge.** A 2FA account keeps full parity: the callback stages the existing
pending-TOTP cookie (now also carrying the bridge `session_id`) and bounces the Custom Tab through the
web TOTP form; on a correct code the completion mints the authorization code and deep-links back to
the app — it never mints a session cookie for a mobile flow.

**Revocation latency (documented tradeoff).** Revoking a refresh token (device revoke / logout) stops
future renewals but does **not** invalidate an already-issued access token until it expires — up to
the access-token lifetime (`MOBILE_ACCESS_TTL`, default 15 min) of continued access. This is an
accepted tradeoff given the short lifetime. If instant revocation is ever required, add an
access-token (jti) blocklist check on the `requireAuth` path — the same `revoked_sessions` mechanism
web sessions already use.

**Authorization code.** Cryptographically random, ≥128 bits, stored **hash-only**, single-use, short
expiry (~5 min); `/exchange` is rate-limited per-IP. The bridge tables self-prune (§3).

### /public  (public.routes.js → public.controller.js) — all GET, no auth
| Method | Path | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| GET | `/settings` | whitelisted public keys, derived `registration`/`gameAccountSignup` flags, the per-shard **`brand`** block (name, `accent` color, logo/hero/favicon) a client themes itself from — one image runs as any shard, asset fields may be site-relative paths (resolve against the base URL) — and a **`push`** block `{ ntfyUrl }` (M7): the client-facing ntfy relay URL the app's embedded distributor registers its device topic against, from `NTFY_PUBLIC_URL` / first `NTFY_ALLOWED_ORIGINS` (never the internal `NTFY_BASE_URL`); `null` when push isn't configured for the shard. |
| GET | `/status` | status message + current mode, **plus a `version` block** (`{ service:'runic-gateway', api, server }`) so a client first-run probe recognizes the backend and can run a version-mismatch guard |
| GET | `/version` | lightweight, **DB-free** backend identity/version (`{ service, api, server }`) — the canonical target for the version guard and a cheap liveness check |
| GET | `/posts/:category` | published only; `category` ∈ news\|five-on-friday\|newsletter\|screenshots |
| GET | `/posts/:category/:idOrSlug` | single published post |
| GET | `/wiki` | list of pages (slug + title) |
| GET | `/wiki/:slug` | single page |
| POST | `/contact` | (rate-limited) send mail via SMTP; if unconfigured, respond `{fallback:"mailto", email}` |

Public content GETs pass through the **siteMode** gate (§5).

### /admin  (admin.routes.js → admin.controller.js) — all behind `isLoggedIn` + `noindex`
| Method | Path | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| GET | `/dashboard` | current mode, last change time + who, content counts, recent activity |
| PUT | `/site-mode` | `{mode}` → update settings, stamp who/when, log `site_mode.change` |
| GET | `/posts?category=` | all posts incl. unpublished |
| POST | `/posts` | create |
| GET | `/posts/:id` | one |
| PUT | `/posts/:id` | edit |
| DELETE | `/posts/:id` | delete |
| PATCH | `/posts/:id/publish` | `{published}` toggle (sets `published_at`) |
| POST | `/posts/upload` | multipart image upload (multer) → `{image_url}` for screenshots |
| GET | `/wiki` · GET `/wiki/:slug` | read incl. unpublished |
| POST | `/wiki` · PUT `/wiki/:slug` · DELETE `/wiki/:slug` | manage pages |
| GET | `/settings` · PUT `/settings` | read all / update `{key:value,...}` |
| GET | `/activity?limit=&offset=` | paginated activity log |
| GET | `/users` · POST `/users` · PUT `/users/:id` · DELETE `/users/:id` | user mgmt (can't delete self / last admin; password hashed on write) |

Every admin write logs to `activity_log`.

---

## 5. Site mode (LIVE / MAINTENANCE)

State in `settings.site_mode` (`live`|`maintenance`), default **maintenance**.

`middleware/siteMode.js`, applied only to **public content** routes:
- `live` → pass through.
- `maintenance` → respond **503** with `{mode:"maintenance", message}` **unless** the request
  carries a valid admin cookie (admin preview). This hides content server-side, not just in
  the UI.

Always reachable regardless of mode: static assets / SPA shell, `/api/v1/auth/*`, all
`/api/v1/admin/*`. So admin login + panel + the maintenance "coming soon" page always load.

**Client behavior (Phase 3):** reads `GET /public/settings`; if `maintenance` and not an
admin previewing, render the polished dark coming-soon page (message + contact email).
Admin "preview live" simply hits the content APIs with the admin cookie, which bypass the gate.

Dashboard reads `site_mode` + `site_mode_changed_at`/`_by` for "current mode + last change +
who"; `activity_log` provides the history feed.

---

## 6. Auth & security

- **JWT** signed with `JWT_SECRET`, `expiresIn=JWT_EXPIRES_IN` (default `1d`); payload `{id,username,role}`.
- **Cookie**: `httpOnly`, `sameSite=Lax`, `path=/`, and **`secure` decided per-request** (`COOKIE_SECURE=auto` → `secure: req.secure`). This is the key to dual access: the cookie is `Secure` when reached through Pangolin (HTTPS, `X-Forwarded-Proto: https`) but **not** `Secure` when reached directly over the LAN IP on plain HTTP — so login works in both. `COOKIE_SECURE=true|false` can force it. Requires `trust proxy` (below). `localhost:5173` (Vite) and `localhost:3000` are same-site, so the cookie flows in dev too.
- **bcrypt** hashing (cost 10+); plaintext passwords never stored, logged, or returned.
- **Rate limiting** (`express-rate-limit`) on `/auth/login` and `/public/contact`.
- **Validation** (`express-validator`) on all writes; centralized error handler.
- **helmet** with a Content-Security-Policy tuned for the built React SPA (see `server/src/app.js`):
  `default-src 'self'`; `script-src 'self'` (the Vite build emits only external module chunks — the
  inline module-preload polyfill is disabled in `client/vite.config.js` to keep this valid);
  `style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com` (React's pervasive inline
  `style={{…}}` attributes can't be nonce'd, plus the Google Fonts stylesheet); `font-src 'self'
  https://fonts.gstatic.com` (Cinzel); `img-src 'self' data: https:` (same-origin uploads, plus
  external https images embedded in wiki/news bodies or `BRAND_*` logo/hero/favicon); `connect-src
  'self'` (REST + SSE are same-origin); `frame-ancestors 'self'`; `object-src 'none'`; `base-uri
  'self'`. `upgrade-insecure-requests` is intentionally **not** set (TLS terminates at the proxy, there
  are no mixed-content subresources, and it would break a local `npm start` over plain http). The
  `/api/docs` Swagger UI route gets a **looser** policy that additionally allows inline script/style,
  since swagger-ui-express injects an inline bootstrap. helmet also strips `X-Powered-By`; the two
  internal-only listeners (`internalApp.js`, `bot/src/app.js`) disable it explicitly too.
- **Admin not indexed**: `X-Robots-Tag: noindex, nofollow` on `/api/v1/admin` and the admin SPA routes; `robots.txt` disallows `/admin`.
- **No directory browsing** (express.static doesn't list; no `serve-index`).
- **No hardcoded credentials**: first admin via `seed.js` reading `ADMIN_USERNAME`/`ADMIN_PASSWORD` from env (created only if no users exist); `.env` git-ignored, `.env.example` committed.
- **`app.set('trust proxy', 1)`** so secure cookies, `req.ip`, and rate-limiting work behind Pangolin.
- **CORS**: same-origin in prod (SPA served by Express). Dev only: allow `CLIENT_ORIGIN` (Vite, `http://localhost:5173`) with `credentials:true`.

---

## 7. Email

`utils/mailer.js` (nodemailer) sends through **Gmail over OAuth2 (SMTP XOAUTH2)**, configured in
Admin → Settings → Email — not env. The mailbox is authorized by an in-app "Connect Gmail" consent
flow (`/admin/email/*`) that captures a refresh token, stored AES-GCM-encrypted in the `email_config`
singleton (never returned over the API). The OAuth client id/secret are reused from the `google`
auth-providers row. Recipient is the `contact_email` site setting. If email is unconfigured/disabled,
`POST /public/contact` returns `{fallback:"mailto", email}` so the client renders a `mailto:` link
instead. Errors never leak credentials.

---

## 7.5 Logging & observability

`utils/logger.js` — a small dependency-free logger with **two transports, console + file**,
and four levels (`error`/`warn`/`info`/`debug`). Each line is timestamped and tagged by
subsystem (`[server]`, `[http]`, `[db]`, `[auth]`, `[admin]`, `[ratelimit]`, …).

- **Console**: color on a TTY, plain in Docker; verbosity = `LOG_LEVEL` (default `info`).
- **File**: plain text appended to `LOG_DIR/LOG_FILE` (default `<server>/logs/app.log`,
  `/app/logs/app.log` in Docker, bind-mounted to `./logs`); verbosity = `FILE_LOG_LEVEL`
  (default `debug`, so the file keeps a complete record while the console stays readable).
  Toggle with `LOG_TO_FILE`. The stream is flushed on graceful shutdown.
- **HTTP access logs** via morgan piped into the logger: real client IP (`trust proxy`),
  authenticated admin username, method, URL, status, response time, size.
- **Captured events**: startup config banner, schema/seed steps, login success/failure,
  rate-limit hits, site-mode changes, maintenance-gate blocks (debug), all errors with
  stack traces (5xx), and SIGINT/SIGTERM shutdown. Passwords and request bodies are never
  logged. `unhandledRejection`/`uncaughtException` are caught and logged.

## 8. Deployment

**docker-compose.yml** — two services on a private network:
- `db`: `mariadb:11`, env `MARIADB_DATABASE/USER/PASSWORD/ROOT_PASSWORD`, volume
  `dbdata:/var/lib/mysql`, mounts `schema.sql` into `/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d`, healthcheck.
- `app`: builds the Dockerfile (installs client+server, builds Vite, serves via Express),
  `env_file: .env`, `DB_HOST=db`, `depends_on: db (healthy)`, volume `uploads:/app/uploads`,
  `ports: "3000:3000"` — **binds 0.0.0.0** (no `127.0.0.1:` prefix) so Pangolin reaches it.
- `ntfy` (M7): pinned upstream `binwiederhier/ntfy` image, declarative config only
  (`./ntfy/server.yml` mounted `:ro` + `NTFY_BASE_URL`), volume `ntfydata:/var/lib/ntfy`, **no
  published host port** — devices reach it via the reverse proxy; the backend publisher reaches it
  over the private compose network. Anonymous read-write to unguessable topics (no accounts to
  provision) — safe because pushes are content-free tickles. Bringing the stack up provisions a
  working push relay with **zero interactive setup**.
- Volumes: `dbdata`, `uploads`, `ntfydata`.

Express listens on `0.0.0.0:${PORT||3000}`. Pangolin terminates TLS and proxies to `app`.

**.env.example** (committed; real `.env` ignored):
```
NODE_ENV=production
PORT=3000
DB_HOST=db
DB_PORT=3306
DB_NAME=uomysticmoon
DB_USER=uomm
DB_PASSWORD=
DB_ROOT_PASSWORD=
JWT_SECRET=
JWT_EXPIRES_IN=1d
COOKIE_SECURE=true
COOKIE_NAME=uomm_token
ADMIN_USERNAME=
ADMIN_PASSWORD=
# Email: configured in Admin → Settings → Email (Gmail OAuth2), not via env
CLIENT_ORIGIN=http://localhost:5173
# Push (M7): the ntfy relay URL — also the backend's SSRF allow-set for device
# endpoints. NTFY_ALLOWED_ORIGINS / NTFY_PUBLISH_TOKEN are optional.
NTFY_BASE_URL=https://ntfy.example.com
# The client-facing ntfy URL surfaced to the app via /public/settings.push.ntfyUrl
# (the app registers its topic endpoint here). Defaults to the first
# NTFY_ALLOWED_ORIGINS entry; set explicitly when the public URL differs from the
# internal NTFY_BASE_URL. Without it (and without NTFY_ALLOWED_ORIGINS) the app
# shows push as unavailable for the shard.
NTFY_PUBLIC_URL=https://ntfy.example.com
NTFY_ALLOWED_ORIGINS=https://ntfy.example.com
```

`.gitignore`: `node_modules/`, `.env`, `_reference/`, `client/dist/`, `uploads/`.

---

## 9. Dependencies (server)

`express, cors, helmet, morgan, dotenv, mariadb, jsonwebtoken, bcryptjs, cookie-parser,
express-rate-limit, express-validator, multer, nodemailer` · dev: `nodemon`.
Removed vs serverlinkr: `mongoose, mongodb, connect-mongo, express-session, passport,
passport-local`.

---

## 10. Spec coverage

| Spec requirement | Covered by |
|---|---|
| Public pages (`/`, `/site/*`, `/wiki/*`) | `/public/*` API + Phase-3 SPA routes; content from `posts`/`wiki`/`settings` |
| News / 5-on-Friday / Newsletter / Screenshots | `posts` table, `category` column; admin CRUD + publish |
| Wiki 8 categories, editable later | `wiki_pages` seeded with 8 slugs; admin CRUD |
| Status page | `settings.status_message` + mode via `/public/status` |
| Admin dashboard (mode, last change, who) | `/admin/dashboard` + settings stamps + activity log |
| Site mode toggle | `PUT /admin/site-mode` + `siteMode` middleware |
| Admin activity log | `activity_log` + `/admin/activity` |
| Admin user management | `/admin/users` CRUD |
| Site settings editing | `/admin/settings` |
| JWT, bcrypt, rate limit, secure cookies, noindex, no dir browsing, no hardcoded creds, .env | §6 |
| Maintenance page, admin always in, static always loads, admin preview | §5 |
| SMTP via env, mailto fallback | §7 |
| Docker Compose + MariaDB + Pangolin, 0.0.0.0 bind | §8 |
| Design tokens / hero | reused from existing `assets/css/mysticmoon.css` + hero PNG in Phase 2/3 |
| Expandable | key/value settings, role enum, modular routers/models |
```